Mushroom Cultivation information of project report

Mushroom Cultivation Project Report
1. Introduction
Mushroom cultivation is a profitable agri-business that requires relatively low investment and space. It plays a vital role in recycling agricultural waste, providing employment, and ensuring nutritional food. Commonly cultivated mushrooms include Button mushroom, Oyster mushroom, and Milky mushroom.

2. Objectives of the Project
To cultivate high-quality edible mushrooms for commercial sale.

To promote organic farming and sustainable waste management.

To generate employment and entrepreneurship opportunities.

3. Types of Mushrooms Cultivated
Type Scientific Name Temperature Range Cultivation Period
Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus 16–20°C 30–45 days
Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus 20–30°C 25–30 days
Milky Mushroom Calocybe indica 25–35°C 30–40 days

4. Site Selection
Good ventilation and hygiene

Shade or dark area with controlled temperature and humidity

Close to market and water source

5. Infrastructure Requirements
Spawn preparation unit (optional if buying spawn)

Substrate preparation unit (e.g., wheat straw, paddy straw)

Cultivation room (polythene or brick)

Equipment: sprayers, plastic bags, trays, thermometers, etc.

6. Mushroom Cultivation Process
A. Spawn Production (if done on-site)

Use of sterilized grain (like sorghum) and fungal culture

Incubation under sterile conditions

B. Substrate Preparation

Chop and soak straw or other substrates

Pasteurize or boil to kill pests and microbes

C. Inoculation

Mix spawn with the substrate in clean bags or trays

D. Incubation & Fruiting

Keep in a dark, humid, and temperature-controlled environment

After colonization, expose to light and fresh air for fruiting

E. Harvesting

Harvest when mushrooms are fully grown, usually 3–4 flushes per cycle

7. Marketing and Sales
Direct sale in local markets

Supplying to restaurants, hotels, or supermarkets

Drying or processing for added value

8. Financial Projections (Example for 100 kg/month Oyster Mushroom Production)
Capital Investment

Infrastructure setup: ₹50,000

Equipment: ₹10,000

Initial working capital: ₹15,000

Recurring Costs (per month)

Raw materials (substrate, spawn): ₹5,000

Labor: ₹4,000

Utilities and maintenance: ₹1,000

Revenue

Monthly yield: 100 kg

Selling price: ₹150/kg

Total Revenue: ₹15,000

Net Monthly Profit = ₹15,000 – ₹10,000 = ₹5,000
Payback Period: Approximately 12–18 months

9. Risk and Challenges
Fungal contamination

Temperature/humidity fluctuations

Market fluctuations

Limited shelf life of fresh mushrooms

10. Government Schemes and Support
NABARD subsidies for mushroom farming

Training and financial support from Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)

Agriculture departments offering skill development programs

11. Conclusion
Mushroom cultivation is a sustainable and profitable venture, especially for small and marginal farmers, women entrepreneurs, and rural youth. With proper training and market linkage, it offers an excellent return on investment and contributes to food security and employment.