Poultry Farming (Layer/Broiler) information of project report

Poultry Farming (Layer/Broiler) – Basic Information for Project Report
1. Introduction
Poultry farming involves the raising of domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese for eggs, meat, or both. In India and globally, chicken farming is most common and is divided mainly into two categories: Broiler farming (for meat) and Layer farming (for egg production).

2. Objectives of Poultry Farming Project
To produce high-quality meat and eggs.

To generate employment and income.

To meet the local demand for poultry products.

To contribute to food security.

3. Types of Poultry Farming
a) Broiler Farming
Purpose: Meat production.

Bird Type: Fast-growing breeds (e.g., Cobb, Ross).

Duration: 5 to 7 weeks for market weight (1.5–2.5 kg).

Housing: Deep litter system commonly used.

Profitability: Short cycle, fast return on investment.

b) Layer Farming
Purpose: Egg production.

Bird Type: High egg-yielding breeds (e.g., White Leghorn, ISA Brown).

Production Cycle: Begins at 18-20 weeks; peaks between 25-35 weeks.

Laying Period: About 72 weeks (producing ~300 eggs per bird).

Housing: Battery cage system or deep litter system.

4. Housing and Equipment
Ventilation: Adequate airflow to prevent diseases.

Temperature: Maintain 32–35°C for chicks, reduce as birds age.

Lighting: 16–17 hours/day for layers to maintain egg production.

Equipment: Feeders, waterers, brooders, perches, nests (for layers).

5. Feeding
Broilers: High-protein, energy-dense diets.

Layers: Calcium-rich diet for strong eggshells.

Feed Types:

Starter feed

Grower feed

Finisher feed (for broilers)

Layer mash/pellets (for egg-laying hens)

6. Health Management
Vaccination Schedule: Against diseases like Ranikhet, Marek's, IBD.

Biosecurity Measures: Clean surroundings, restricted entry.

Regular Monitoring: Check for signs of illness or low productivity.

7. Economics (Indicative Estimates)
Broiler (per 1000 birds):
Initial Cost: ₹50,000–₹70,000

Cycle Duration: 6 weeks

Net Profit/Cycle: ₹15,000–₹30,000

Layer (per 1000 birds):
Initial Cost: ₹250,000–₹300,000 (due to longer cycle)

Laying Period: 72 weeks

Egg Production: ~280,000–300,000 eggs

Net Profit/Year: ₹100,000–₹200,000

(Costs vary with location, feed prices, and market conditions)

8. Marketing
Broilers are sold to wholesalers, retailers, or directly to customers.

Eggs are sold through retailers, institutional buyers, or local markets.

9. Government Schemes & Support
Subsidies and loans under NABARD and other government schemes.

Training and support through Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs).

FSSAI registration for food safety compliance.

10. Challenges
Disease outbreaks.

Price fluctuation in feed and selling prices.

High mortality in chicks if management is poor.

Competition from large-scale producers.

11. Conclusion
Poultry farming is a viable agribusiness opportunity that can yield good returns with proper planning, management, and marketing. Both layer and broiler farming can significantly contribute to rural livelihoods and nutrition.